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 General
Cautions
Recent medical and
dental exams should
ensure that the
traveler is in good
health. Carry
appropriate health
and accident
insurance documents
and copies of any
important medical
records. Bring an
adequate supply of
all prescription and
other medications as
well as any
necessary personal
hygiene items,
including a spare
pair of eyeglasses
or contact lenses if
necessary.
Drink only bottled
beverages (including
water) or beverages
made with boiled
water. Do not use
ice cubes or eat raw
seafood, rare meat
or dairy products.
Eat well-cooked
foods while they are
still hot and fruits
that can be peeled
without
contamination. Avoid
roadside stands and
street vendors.
Swim only in
well-maintained,
chlorinated pools or
ocean water known to
be free from
pollution. Wear
clothing which
reduces exposed skin
and apply repellents
containing DEET to
remaining areas.
Sleep in
well-screened
accommodations.
Carry anti-diarrheal
medication for
precautions. Reduce
problems related to
sun exposure by
using sunglasses,
wide-brimmed hats,
sunscreen lotions
and lip protection.
Immunizations
These
recommendations are
not absolute and
should not be
construed to apply
to all travelers. A
final decision
regarding
immunizations will
be based on the
traveler's medical
history, proposed
itinerary, duration
of stay and purpose
for traveling.
Hepatitis A:
Consider active
immunization with
hepatitis A vaccine
or passive
immunization with
immune globulin (IG)
for all susceptible
travelers.
Especially consider
choosing active
immunization for
persons planning to
reside for a long
period or for
persons who take
frequent short-term
trips to risk areas.
The importance of
protection against
Hepatitis A,
increases as length
of stay increases.
It is particularly
important for
persons who will be
living in or
visiting rural
areas, eating or
drinking in settings
of poor or uncertain
sanitation, or who
will have close
contact with local
persons (especially
young children) in
settings with poor
sanitary conditions.
Hepatitis B:
Vaccination is
advised for health
care workers,
persons anticipating
direct contact with
blood, and persons
planning extended
stays of 6 months or
greater (especially
those who anticipate
using local health
care facilities,
staying in rural
areas, or having
intimate contact
with the local
population).
Japanese
Encephalitis:
Consider vaccination
if staying a month
or more in the
central river deltas
or areas near
Karachi from June to
January when
transmission is
presumed to occur,
especially if travel
includes rural
areas. Also consider
if staying less than
30 days during that
period and at high
risk (in case of
epidemic outbreak or
extensive outdoor
exposure in rural
areas).
Polio:
A one-time booster
dose is recommended
for travelers who
have previously
completed a standard
course of polio
immunization.
Pregnancy is a
relative
contraindication to
vaccination;
however, if
protection is
needed, either IPV
or OPV may be used,
depending on
preference and time
available.
Rabies:
Pre-exposure
vaccination should
be considered for
persons staying
longer than 30 days
who are expected to
be at risk to bites
from domestic and/or
wild animals
(particularly dogs),
or for persons
engaged in high risk
activities such as
spelunking or animal
handling. Need for
vaccination is more
important if
potential exposure
is in rural areas
and if adequate
post-exposure care
is not readily
available.
Typhoid:
Vaccination should
be considered for
persons staying
longer than 3 weeks,
adventurous eaters,
and those who will
venture off the
usual tourist routes
into small cities,
villages and rural
areas. Importance of
vaccination
increases as access
to reasonable
medical care becomes
limited.
Contraindications
depend on vaccine
type.
Note:
All routine vaccines
should be kept
up-to-date as a
matter of good
health practice
unrelated to travel. |
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